A Phenomenology of Expert Musicianship
Simon Høffding defends his PhD thesis.
This dissertation develops a phenomenology of expert musicianship through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates qualitative interviews with the Danish String Quartet with philosophical analyses drawing on ideas and theses found in phenomenology, philosophy of mind, cognitive science and psychology of music. The dissertation is structured through the asking, analyzing and answering of three primary questions, namely:
- What is it like to be an expert?
- What is the general phenomenology of expert musicianship?
- What happens to the self in deep musical absorption?
The first question targets a central debate in philosophy and psychology on whether reflection is conducive for, or detrimental to, skillful performance. My analyses show that the concepts assumed in the literature on this question are poorly defined and gloss over more important features of expertise.
The second question asks, as openly as possible, what happens in the consciousness of a performing musician. This leads to the construction of a taxonomy of absorption. This then allows for a reframing of the question of expertise that comes to involve phenomenological analyses of “passive synthesis”, “embodiment”, “intercorporeity”, “sense of agency”, and the emotions.
Finally, the third question targets the most challenging dimension of musicianship, namely deep absorption, which is seemingly experienced as a selfless or blackout-like state. The existence of such an experience challenges core philosophical conceptions of the nature of the self. I account for the conditions of the possibility of deep absorption and suggest that a detailed and comprehensive grasp of expert musicianship is best achieved through an understanding of the phenomenon that revolves around a changed sense of agency
Denne afhandling udvikler en musikalsk ekspertises fænomenologi gennem en tværfaglig tilgang der integrerer kvalitative interviews med “den Danske Strygekvartet” med filosofiske analyser af ideer og teser fra fænomenologi, bevidsthedsfilosofi, kognitiv videnskab og musikpsykologi.
Afhandlingen struktureres af tre spørgsmål der stilles, analyseres og besvares:
- Hvordan opleves det at være ekspert?
- Hvad er den musikalsk ekspertises generelle fænomenologi?
- Hvad sker der med selvet i dyb musikalsk indlevelse?
Det første spørgsmål berører en central debat i filosofi og psykologi om hvorvidt refleksion er fremmende eller skadende for den kropslige udfoldelse af ekspertens kunnen. Mine analyser viser at koncepterne i dette spørgsmål er dårligt definerede og overskygger vigtigere aspekter af ekspertise.
Det andet spørgsmål spørger så åbent som muligt om hvad der sker i en optrædende musikers bevidsthed hvilket leder til konstruktionen af en “indlevelsens taksonomi”. Dette tillader en gentænkning af ekspertise spørgsmålet der nu involverer fænomenologiske analyser af “passiv syntese”, “kropslighed”, “interkorporeitet”, “agensoplevelse” og følelseslivet.
Endelig retter det tredje spørgsmål sig mod den mest udfordrende dimension af musikaliteten, nemlig den dybe indlevelse, der tilsyneladende opleves som værende uden selv, eller som et “blackout”. Eksistensen af en sådan oplevelse udfordrer grundlæggende filosofiske forståelser af selvets natur. Jeg redegør for mulighedsbetingelserne for dyb indlevelse og foreslår at et detaillieret og overordnet greb om musikalsk ekspertise bedst opnås gennem en forståelse der omhandler en forandret agensoplevelse.
Time: Monday 14th December 2015, 10 am.
The doors will be closed at exactly 10 am
Location: Faculty of Humanities – lecture hall 22.0.11
Assessment Committee
- Professor Finn Collin (Chairman) (University of Copenhagen)
- Associate Professor Nanette Nielsen (University of Oslo)
- Professor Shaun Gallagher (University of Memphis)
Moderator of defence
- Associate Professor Klemens Kappel (University of Copenhagen)
Copies of the thesis will be available for consultation at the following three places: at the Information Desk of the Library of the Faculty of Humanities; in Reading Room East of the Royal Library (the Black Diamond); and at Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, Karen Blixens Vej 4, 2300 Copenhagen S.